Organised Crime and Drugs in Sport

New Generation Performance and Image Enhancing Drugs and Organised Criminal Involvement in their use in Professional Sport

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Contents

Overview

Aim and Scope

Limitations on Dislcosure of Findings

Key Findings

• Nature of the Threat
• The PIEDs Market
• The Role of Organised Crime
• Use by Professional Athletes
• The Role of Sports Scientists, Coaches and Other Facilitators

The Importance of Sport in Australia

Performance and Image Enhancing Substances

• Growth Hormone Releasing Peptides
• Growth Hormone Variants
• Selective Androgen Receptor Modulators
• Insulin-like Growth Factors (IGF-1)
• Mechano Growth Factor (MGF)
• Other Substances

Peptide and Hormone Consumers

• Elite Athletes
• Sub-Elite Athletes
• Bodybuilders
• Anti-Ageing Clinic Clients
• Use on Animals
• Monitoring Future Demand

Sources of Peptides and Hormones

• Online Suppliers
• Anti-Ageing Clinics
• Medical Practitioners
• Compounding Pharmacies
• Sports Scientists and High Performance Staff
• Administration of Untested Substances to Athletes
• Supplement Suppliers

Organised Crime, Drugs and Sport

• Organised Criminal Links
• Organised Criminal Infiltration of Unregulated Markets
• Infiltration Through Legitimate Business
• Illicit Drug Use and Criminal Associations

Vulnerabilities to Integrity Mechanisms

• Contractors and Consultants
• Inconsistent Integrity Oversight in Professional Sport

Conclusion

Appendix One - Overview of Peptides

Appendix Two - Summary of Legal Status and Status in Sport of Peptides and Hormones

Appendix Three - Summary of PIEDs

Acronyms